ON EXAMINATION UNIT 1 WITH MCQ

ON EXAMINATIONS
Winston S. Churchill

 

 

Introducing the author
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (1874 –1965) was the Prime Minister of England twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator,Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, ahistorian, a writer, and an artist. He was awarded theNobel Prize in Literature in 1953. ―At Harrow‖ is an excerpt from Chapter II (HARROW) of Winston S.Churchill‘s autobiography, A Roving Commission My Early Life (1930).
 
ଲେଖକ ପରିଚୟ**
 
ସର୍ ୱିନ୍‌ସ୍ଟନ୍‌ ଲିଓନାର୍ଡ ସ୍ପେନ୍ସର୍‌ ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚିଲ୍‌** (1874–1965) ଦୁଇଥର ଇଂଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡର ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ** ଥିଲେ (1940–45 ଓ 1951–55)। ସେ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ରାଜନେତା ଓ ଭାଷଣକାର ଥିବା ସହିତେ, ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚିଲ୍‌ ବ୍ରିଟିଶ୍‌ ସେନାର ଅଫିସର୍‌, ଇତିହାସକାର, ଲେଖକ ଓ ଚିତ୍ରଶିଳ୍ପୀ ମଧ୍ୟ ଥିଲେ। 1953 ମସିହାରେ ସେ ସାହିତ୍ୟରେ ନୋବେଲ୍‌ ପୁରସ୍କାର ପାଇଥିଲେ। At Harrow) ତାଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମଜୀବନୀ A Roving Commission: My Early Life(1930)ର ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ (HARROW) ରୁ ଗ୍ରହୀତ ଏକ ଅନୁଶ୍ରୁତି।
 

 

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### **Summary with Odia Translation**

 

* Churchill says that after turning 12, he entered the difficult period of **examinations**, which continued for seven years.

  ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ସେ ୧୨ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ୍ ପରେ ପରୀକ୍ଷାର କଠିନ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କଲେ, ଯାହା ସାତ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ଚାଲିଥିଲା।

 

* He preferred subjects like **history, poetry, and essay writing**, but examiners mostly chose **Latin and mathematics**, which he was weak in.

  ସେ **ଇତିହାସ, କବିତା ଓ ରଚନାଲେଖନ** ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷକମାନେ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ **ଲାଟିନ୍ ଓ ଗଣିତ** ପଛରୁଥିଲେ, ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ସେ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଥିଲେ।

 

* The examiners always asked him what he didn’t know instead of what he knew, which made him perform badly.

  ପରୀକ୍ଷକମାନେ ସେ ଯାହା ଜାଣୁନଥିଲେ ସେହିଥିରେ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କରୁଥିଲେ, ଯାହାକି ସେ ଯାହା ଜାଣୁଥିଲେ ତାହାର ବଦଳରେ, ଏହାର ଫଳରେ ସେ ଖରାପ ଫଳ କରୁଥିଲେ।

 

* During his **entrance exam at Harrow School**, he could not answer a single question in the Latin paper. He only wrote his name, the question number, put brackets around it, and left blotches and smudges on the paper.

  ସେ **ହ୍ୟାରୋ ସ୍କୁଲର ଭର୍ତ୍ତି ପରୀକ୍ଷା** ସମୟରେ ସେ ଲାଟିନ୍ ପେପରରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନରୁ ବି ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିପାରିଲେନି। ସେ କେବଳ ନାମ, ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଲେଖିଲେ, ସେଥିରେ ବ୍ରାକେଟ୍ ରଖିଲେ ଓ କିଛି ଦାଗ ଓ ଦୋଷ ପେପରରେ ରହିଗଲା।

 

* Despite this failure, the **Headmaster, Dr. Welldon**, saw Churchill’s potential and admitted him into Harrow. Churchill admired this broad-mindedness all his life.

  ଏହି ବିଫଳତା ସତ୍ତ୍ୱେ, **ହେଡ୍‌ମାଷ୍ଟର ଡାକ୍ତର ୱେଲଡନ୍** ଚର୍ଚିଲଙ୍କ ସମ୍ଭାବନାକୁ ଦେଖିଲେ ଓ ତାଙ୍କୁ ହ୍ୟାରୋରେ ଭର୍ତ୍ତି କଲେ। ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ ସାରା ଜୀବନ ତାଙ୍କର ଏହି ଖୋଲା ମନୋଭାବକୁ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରିଥିଲେ।

 

* He was placed in the **lowest division of the lowest form** at Harrow, and his name appeared near the bottom of the school list (since "Spencer-Churchill" starts with an "S").

  ସେଙ୍କୁ ହ୍ୟାରୋର **ସବୁଠୁ ତଳର ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ସବୁଠୁ ତଳର ବିଭାଗରେ** ରଖାଯାଇଥିଲା, ଓ ସ୍କୁଲ ତାଲିକାରେ ତାଙ୍କର ନାମ (କାରଣ "Spencer-Churchill" "S" ରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ) ପ୍ରାୟ ଶେଷରେ ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା।

 

* Only two boys were below him, but they left school soon, making Churchill **the last boy in the whole school**.

  କେବଳ ଦୁଇଜଣ ଛାତ୍ର ସେଙ୍କୁ ତଳେ ଥିଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନେ ସିଗ୍ରେ ସ୍କୁଲ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ, ଯାହାର ଫଳରେ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ **ସମସ୍ତ ସ୍କୁଲରେ ଶେଷ ଛାତ୍ର** ହୋଇଗଲେ।

 

* At Harrow, the roll call system revealed his position publicly, so everyone saw that he was last.

  ହ୍ୟାରୋରେ ରୋଲ୍‌ କଲ୍‌ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀରେ ସେଙ୍କ ସ୍ଥିତି ସବୁଙ୍କ ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଉଥିଲା, ସେହିପାଇଁ ସବୁଠୁ ସେ ଶେଷ ଥିବା କଥା ସବୁଜଣେ ଦେଖୁଥିଲେ।

 

* This was in **1887**, the year his father, **Lord Randolph Churchill**, had just resigned from high office. Visitors came to see Churchill out of curiosity, and some mocked him, saying, *“Why, he’s last of all!”*

  ଏହା **୧୮୮୭**ରେ ଘଟିଥିଲା, ସେହିବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କର ପିତା **ଲର୍ଡ୍ ରାଣ୍ଡଲ୍ଫ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍** ଉଚ୍ଚ ପଦବୀରୁ ତ୍ୟାଗପତ୍ର ଦେଇଥିଲେ। ଉତ୍ସୁକତାରୁ ଅନେକ ଲୋକ ଚର୍ଚିଲଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଆସୁଥିଲେ, ଏବଂ କେହି କେହି ତାଙ୍କୁ ମଜାକ କରୁଥିଲେ, କହୁଥିଲେ – *“ହାୟ୍, ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ଶେଷରେ!”*

 MEANINGS

1. **Scarcely**
   * *English meaning*: hardly; almost not
   * *Odia meaning*: କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରଭାବରେ, ପ୍ରାୟ ନୁହେଁ
2. **Inhospitable**
 * *English meaning*: harsh and unfriendly; not welcoming
   * *Odia meaning*: ଅସୁବିଧାଜନକ, ଅମାନବୀୟ
3. **Destined**
 * *English meaning*: certain to happen in the future
   * *Odia meaning*: ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ, ନିଶ୍ଚିତ
4. **Trial**
 * *English meaning*: a test of endurance or patience
   * *Odia meaning*: ପରୀକ୍ଷା, ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ
5. **Partial**
 * *English meaning*: showing favoritism; biased
   * *Odia meaning*: ପକ୍ଷପାତୀ
6. **Prevail**
   * *English meaning*: to win; to succeed
   * *Odia meaning*: ବିଜୟୀ ହେବା, ଜିତିବା
7. **Satisfactory**
  * *English meaning*: acceptable; meeting the requirement
   * *Odia meaning*: ସନ୍ତୋଷଜନକ
8. **Expose**
 * *English meaning*: to reveal or uncover
   * *Odia meaning*: ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବା, ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରିବା
9. **Ignorance**
 * *English meaning*: lack of knowledge or awareness
 * *Odia meaning*: ଅଜ୍ଞାନତା
10. **Discernment**
* *English meaning*: the ability to judge well
* *Odia meaning*: ବିଚାରଶକ୍ତି, ପରିଚୟ କ୍ଷମତା
11. **Remarkable**
* *English meaning*: extraordinary; worthy of attention
* *Odia meaning*: ଚମତ୍କାରକ, ଅସାଧାରଣ
12. **Incidentally**
* *English meaning*: by chance; accidentally
* *Odia meaning*: ଯାଦୃଚ୍ଛିକଭାବରେ, ଅନାଗରିକଭାବେ
13. **Merciful**
* *English meaning*: showing compassion or forgiveness
* *Odia meaning*: କରୁଣାମୟ, ଦୟାଳୁ
14. **Slender**
* *English meaning*: small, slight, or weak
* *Odia meaning*: କ୍ଷୀଣ, ସାଣ
15. **Manifestation**
* *English meaning*: a sign or expression of something
* *Odia meaning*: ପ୍ରକାଶ, ପ୍ରତିକଟନ
16. **Regard**
* *English meaning*: respect or admiration
* *Odia meaning*: ସମ୍ମାନ, ସମ୍ମାନଜନକ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି
17. **Invidious**
* *English meaning*: likely to cause resentment or envy
* *Odia meaning*: ଇର୍ଷାଜନକ, ଅସନ୍ତୋଷଜନକ
18. **Humility**
* *English meaning*: modesty; lack of pride
* *Odia meaning*: ବିନୟ, ନମ୍ରତା
19. **Forefront**
* *English meaning*: the leading or most important position
* *Odia meaning*: ପ୍ରଥମ ସ୍ଥାନ, ଅଗ୍ରସାର
20. **Irreverent**
* *English meaning*: showing lack of respect for something generally taken seriously
* *Odia meaning*: ଅସମ୍ମାନଜନକ, ଅଶ୍ରଦ୍ଧାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ

THINK IT OUT

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

**1. Does the writer like examinations? Quote the line in support of your answer.**

**ଲେଖକ କି ପରୀକ୍ଷାକୁ ଭଲପାଆନ୍ତି? ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଉତ୍ତରକୁ ସହାୟତା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପାଠ୍ୟରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲାଇନ୍ କୋଟ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ।**

Ans: No, the writer did not like examinations.

Line: *“These examinations were a great trial to me.”*

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**2. Mention the subjects that were dearest to the examiners.**

**ପରୀକ୍ଷକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟଗୁଡିକ ସବୁଠାରୁ ପ୍ରିୟ ଥିଲା?**

Ans: Latin and Mathematics.

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**3. Which subjects did the writer like the most?**

**ଲେଖକଙ୍କୁ ସବୁଠାରୁ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟ ଭଲଲାଗୁଥିଲା?**

Ans: History, Poetry, and Essay writing.

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**4. What reason does the writer give for his not doing well in the examinations?**

**ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ଭଲ କରିପାରିନଥିବାର କାରଣ ଲେଖକ କ’ଣ କହିଛନ୍ତି?**

Ans: The examiners always asked what he did **not know**, instead of asking what he **knew**.

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**5. What did the writer write in the answer book for the Latin paper?**

**ଲାଟିନ୍ ପେପର୍‌ରେ ଲେଖକ କ’ଣ ଲେଖିଥିଲେ?**

Ans: He only wrote his name, the number of the question “I”, put a bracket around it “(I)”, and left smudges and a blot.

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**6. What was the sad spectacle for him?**

**ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ‘ଦୁଃଖଦ ଦୃଶ୍ୟ’ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?**

Ans: The blank paper with just his name, question number, and smudges.

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**7. What was the writer‘s position in the merit list for admission?**

**ଭର୍ତ୍ତି ସୂଚୀରେ ଲେଖକଙ୍କ ସ୍ଥିତି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?**

Ans: He was placed in the third, or lowest, division of the Fourth, or bottom, Form – only **two from the bottom** of the whole school.

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**8. Whom does he give the credit of his success in the Entrance Examination? Why?**

**ପ୍ରବେଶ ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ସଫଳତାର କ୍ରେଡିଟ୍ କାହାକୁ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି? କାହିଁକି?**

Ans: Credit goes to **Dr. Welldon, the Headmaster**.

Reason: He judged Churchill’s general ability instead of relying only on the poor Latin paper.

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**9. What does he mean by – ‘I gained no more advantage from the alphabet than from the wider sphere of letters’?**

**“I gained no more advantage from the alphabet than from the wider sphere of letters” – ର ଅର୍ଥ କ’ଣ?**

Ans: His surname **Spencer-Churchill** started with “S”, so he could not get an advantage from alphabetical order (like boys with “A” or “B” names) – just as he did not gain any advantage in studies (the wider sphere of letters).

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**10. How did he become the last boy in the class?**

**କିପରି ସେ କ୍ଲାସରେ ସେଷ ଛାତ୍ର ହେଲେ?**

Ans: He was already near the bottom (only two above last), but those two boys soon left due to illness or other reasons.

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**11. What is the custom of calling the roll at Harrow?**

**Harrow ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ roll call କେମିତି ହୁଏ?**

Ans: Boys file past a Master in the school yard and answer one by one.

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**12. What is the custom of calling the roll at Eton?**

**Eton ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ roll call କେମିତି ହୁଏ?**

Ans: Boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names are called.

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**13. ‘Why, he’s last of all!’ – why did people say so?**

**“Why, he’s last of all!” – ଲୋକେ ଏହା କାହିଁକି କହୁଥିଲେ?**

Ans: Because visitors came to see him (as the son of Lord Randolph Churchill), and they saw him marching last in line due to his low position in class.

1. At what age did Churchill enter the "regions of examinations"?

ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ କେତେ ବୟସ୍‌ରେ "ପରୀକ୍ଷାର କ୍ଷେତ୍ର"ରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିଥିଲେ?

a) 10

b) 11

c) 12 ✅

d) 13

2. For how many years did Churchill struggle with examinations?

କେତେ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ସହିତ ସଂଘର୍ଷ କରିଥିଲେ?

a) 5

b) 6

c) 7 ✅

d) 8

 

3. Which subjects did Churchill prefer?

କେଉଁ ବିଷୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ?

a) Latin and Mathematics

b) Science and Geography

c) History, Poetry, Essays ✅

d) Drawing and Music

4. Which subjects did the examiners prefer?

ପରୀକ୍ଷକମାନେ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟକୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ?

a) History and Poetry

b) Latin and Mathematics ✅

c) English and Science

d) Drawing and Music

5. What did examiners usually ask Churchill?

ପରୀକ୍ଷକମାନେ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ସାଧାରଣତଃ କ'ଣ ପଚାରୁଥିଲେ

a) Things he knew

b) Things he didn’t know ✅

c) General knowledge

d) Essay writing

7. What was the result of this examination system for Churchill?

ଏହି ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପ୍ରଣାଳୀର ଫଳାଫଳ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ ପାଇଁ କ'ଣ ଥିଲା?

a) He did very well

b) He did badly ✅

c) He got prizes

d) He enjoyed exams

8. In which school’s entrance exam did Churchill fail Latin?

କେଉଁ ସ୍କୁଲର ଭର୍ତ୍ତି ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ ଲାଟିନ୍‌ରେ ବିଫଳ ହେଲେ?

a) Eton

b) Harrow ✅

c) Cambridge

d) Oxford

8. Who was the Headmaster at Harrow?

ହ୍ୟାରୋର ହେଡ୍‌ମାଷ୍ଟର କିଏ ଥିଲେ?

 

a) Dr. Arnold

b) Dr. Welldon ✅

c) Lord Randolph

d) Mr. Spencer

9. How many answers did Churchill write in his Latin paper?

ଲାଟିନ୍ ପେପରରେ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ କେତେଟି ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିଥିଲେ?

 

a) All

b) Half

c) One

d) None ✅

10.What did Churchill write on his Latin paper?

ଲାଟିନ୍ ପେପରରେ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ କ'ଣ ଲେଖିଥିଲେ?

a) An essay

b) His name and question number ✅

c) Poems

11.How long did Churchill sit looking at his blank paper?

 ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ କେତେ ସମୟ ଧରି ଖାଲି ପେପରକୁ ତାକି ରହିଥିଲେ?

a) One hour

b) Two hours ✅

c) Three hours

d) Four hours

12. Despite his failure, what quality did Dr. Welldon show?

ସେଙ୍କ ବିଫଳତା ସତ୍ତ୍ୱେ, ଡାକ୍ତର ୱେଲଡନ୍ କେଉଁ ଗୁଣ ଦେଖାଇଥିଲେ?

 

a) Strictness

b) Discernment ✅

c) Anger

d) Carelessness

 

13.  In which division was Churchill placed?

ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍ କେଉଁ ବିଭାଗରେ ରଖାଯାଇଥିଲେ ?

a) First

b) Second

c) Third division of Fourth form ✅

14. Where was Churchill’s name printed in the school list?

:* ସ୍କୁଲ ତାଲିକାରେ ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ନାମ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଛାପା ହୁଏଥିଲା?

a) At the top

b) In the middle

c) Near the bottom ✅

d) First

15.  How many boys were below Churchill initially?

ଆରମ୍ଭରେ କେତେ ଛାତ୍ର ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ତଳେ ଥିଲେ?

a) None

b) One

c) Two ✅

d) Three

16.  Why did the two boys below Churchill leave?

ସେହି ଦୁଇଜଣ ଛାତ୍ର କାହିଁକି ସ୍କୁଲ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ?

 

a) Illness or other causes ✅

b) They were promoted

c) They failed

d) They moved abroad

17.  Which school’s roll call system was compared with Harrow’s?

ହ୍ୟାରୋର ରୋଲ୍ କଲ୍ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀକୁ କେଉଁ ସ୍କୁଲ ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରାଗଲା?

a) Cambridge

b) Oxford

c) Eton ✅

d) London

18.  How was roll call done at Eton?

ଇଟନ୍‌ରେ ରୋଲ୍ କଲ୍ କିପରି ହୁଏଥିଲା?

 

a) Students answered one by one

b) Students stood in a cluster and lifted hats ✅

c) Teachers called names aloud

19.  Which year was mentioned in the passage?

ପାଠ୍ୟରେ କେଉଁ ସାଲର କଥା ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ହୋଇଛି?

a) 1885

b) 1886

c) 1887 ✅

d) 1888

20 Who was Churchill’s father?

ଚର୍ଚିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପିତା କିଏ ଥିଲେ?

a) Lord Randolph Churchill ✅

b) Dr. Welldon

c) Mr. Spencer

d) Sir Harrow