class 8 unit 1

 

English & Social Studies Comprehension Study Guide

PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Q1. What competition did Shiva and Parvati hold for their sons Ganesh and Kartikeya?

A. To move around the world three times

B. To recite the longest sacred chant

C. To cultivate the finest paddy field

D. To solve the riddle of the sacred river

Answer: A. To move around the world three times

Q2. What vehicle did Kartikeya use in his race around the world?

A. A mouse

B. A swan

C. A peacock

D. A lion

Answer: C. A peacock

Q3. Why was Ganesh awarded the 'fruit of wisdom' by his parents?

A. He used his fast mouse to win the race

B. He showed devotion and wisdom by circling his parents three times

C. He bribed his brother Kartikeya with sweets

D. He arrived back first by taking a secret shortcut

Answer: B. He showed devotion and wisdom by circling his parents three times

Q4. Which empire flourished during the Golden Era under King Krishnadeva Raya's reign?

A. The Mughal Empire

B. The Gupta Empire

C. The Vijayanagara Empire

D. The Chola Empire

Answer: C. The Vijayanagara Empire

Q5. How many celebrated poets collectively known as the 'Ashtadiggajas' adorned Krishnadeva Raya's court?

A. Four

B. Six

C. Eight

D. Ten

Answer: C. Eight

Q6. What was the name of Krishnadeva Raya's queen?

A. Thirumalambal

B. Satyabhama

C. Rukmani

D. Padmavati

Answer: A. Thirumalambal

Q7. What started the silent quarrel between the King and the Queen?

A. The Queen disliked the King's new palace

B. The Queen yawned while the King was reciting his poem to her

C. The King refused to buy her a garden of stones

D. The Queen favored another courtier over Tenali Rama

Answer: B. The Queen yawned while the King was reciting his poem to her

Q8. How did the palace corridors appear during the King and Queen's quarrel?

A. Lively and bustling with musicians

B. Quiet and forlorn

C. Brightly illuminated with thousands of lamps

D. Full of arguing ministers

Answer: B. Quiet and forlorn

Q9. On the morning of the court discussion, what topic was being debated by the ministers?

A. Staging a new play in the royal theater

B. Improving paddy cultivation in the empire

C. Inviting a grand scholar from a neighboring kingdom

D. Building a rockery in the queen's courtyard

Answer: B. Improving paddy cultivation in the empire

Q10. What claim did Tenali Rama make about his 'revolutionary type' of paddy seeds?

A. They could grow without soil or water

B. They would yield three times greater than current results

C. They turned into gold upon harvesting

D. They were collected directly from the moon

Answer: B. They would yield three times greater than current results

Q11. What was the critical condition Tenali Rama set for sowing his special seeds?

A. They must be sown only under a full moon

B. They must be sown only by someone who has never yawned while listening to a poem

C. They must be sown by the head priest of the temple

D. They must be sown by the oldest scholar in the court

Answer: B. They must be sown only by someone who has never yawned while listening to a poem

Q12. How did the King react when he realized the true meaning of Tenali Rama's condition?

A. He became furious and banished Tenali Rama

B. He burst out laughing and realized he had overreacted to the Queen

C. He ordered his guards to sow the seeds immediately

D. He demanded a demonstration of the seeds' growth

Answer: B. He burst out laughing and realized he had overreacted to the Queen

Q13. In the sentence 'I let my pride blind me,' what does the King mean?

A. He lost his physical eyesight due to an illness

B. His arrogance and ego clouded his good judgement

C. He was proud of his artistic talents and wanted to share them

D. He wanted to show off his wealth to neighboring kingdoms

Answer: B. His arrogance and ego clouded his good judgement

Q14. Who orchestrated the peace settlement between the King and the Queen?

A. Allasani Peddana

B. Tenali Rama

C. The Sentry

D. The Prime Minister

Answer: B. Tenali Rama

Q15. Why did a renowned scholar visit the kingdom of Vijayanagara?

A. To paint a portrait of the King and Queen

B. To challenge the court scholars and show his intellectual superiority

C. To buy a bundle of sesame sticks

D. To learn the secret of the empire's high paddy yields

Answer: B. To challenge the court scholars and show his intellectual superiority

Q16. Why were the court scholars worried when the visitor arrived?

A. They were afraid of being defeated and facing the King's anger

B. They did not know how to speak Sanskrit

C. They did not want to share their library books

D. They were busy preparing for a harvest festival

Answer: A. They were afraid of being defeated and facing the King's anger

Q17. What was the name of the 'great work' Tenali Rama proposed to discuss with the scholar?

A. Amuktamalyada

B. Jambavati Parinayam

C. Tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana

D. Bande Utkala Janani

Answer: C. Tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana

Q18. How did the visiting scholar react when Tenali Rama named this work?

A. He laughed and said it was a children's story

B. He was taken aback, felt ashamed that he had never heard of it, and quietly left

C. He immediately began reciting verses from it

D. He challenged Tenali Rama to write it down on paper

Answer: B. He was taken aback, felt ashamed that he had never heard of it, and quietly left

Q19. What did the bundle of 'tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana' actually contain?

A. Valuable Sanskrit manuscripts written on gold sheets

B. A bundle of sesame sticks tied with a thick buffalo-hide rope

C. A plate of magic paddy seeds

D. A collection of Mrs. Jones's garden stones

Answer: B. A bundle of sesame sticks tied with a thick buffalo-hide rope

Q20. What does the word 'mahisha' mean in Sanskrit, as explained by Tenali Rama?

A. Sesame plants

B. Sticks

C. Buffalo

D. Rope

Answer: C. Buffalo

Q21. What is the answer to the riddle: 'I can be a friend or a foe... I can bring both joy or pain. What am I?'

A. A footprint

B. Words

C. The future

D. Reflection

Answer: B. Words

Q22. What is the answer to the riddle: 'The more of me you take, the more you leave behind. What am I?'

A. Reflection

B. The future

C. Footprints

D. Words

Answer: C. Footprints

Q23. What is the answer to the riddle: 'I can be measured, but I cannot be touched... I can be spent, but I cannot be saved. What am I?'

A. Words

B. The future / Time

C. Reflection

D. Footprints

Answer: B. The future / Time

Q24. What is the answer to the riddle: 'You see me in the water, but I never get wet. What am I?'

A. Reflection

B. Words

C. Footprints

D. A seed

Answer: A. Reflection

Q25. What is the meaning of the word 'unfazed' as used in the story 'The Wit that Won Hearts'?

A. Highly irritated and angry

B. Not worried or discouraged; calm

C. Very sleepy and exhausted

D. Pleased and cheerful

Answer: B. Not worried or discouraged; calm

Q26. What is unique about Mrs. Jones's garden in the poem 'A Concrete Example'?

A. It has no paths or fences

B. It is full of stones, a rockery, a lily pond, and a sundial

C. It is filled only with giant oak trees

D. It has no plants at all

Answer: B. It is full of stones, a rockery, a lily pond, and a sundial

Q27. How does the speaker humorously suggest Mrs. Jones plants her tiny, delicate plants?

A. With a large garden spade

B. With a pin

C. With a tractor

D. Using a watering hose

Answer: B. With a pin

Q28. How long did the speaker and Mrs. Jones stand and talk about a flower?

A. For five minutes

B. For quite a quarter of an hour

C. For a whole afternoon

D. For only a few seconds

Answer: B. For quite a quarter of an hour

Q29. What is the humorous twist ending of the poem 'A Concrete Example'?

A. The flower was eaten by a snail

B. The speaker was standing on the flower they were looking for

C. Mrs. Jones admitted the flower was made of concrete

D. A strong wind blew the flower away

Answer: B. The speaker was standing on the flower they were looking for

Q30. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem 'A Concrete Example'?

A. ABABCC

B. AABBCC

C. ABCBDE

D. AABBCB

Answer: B. AABBCC

Q31. Where is the famous Rock Garden built by Nek Chand located?

A. Bhubaneswar

B. Chandigarh

C. Ujjain

D. Nainital

Answer: B. Chandigarh

Q32. In what year did Nek Chand create the Rock Garden?

A. 1947

B. 1957

C. 1983

D. 2026

Answer: B. 1957

Q33. What materials did Nek Chand use to create his sculptures and art pieces?

A. Pure gold and imported marble

B. Waste materials, terracotta pots, light fixtures, and broken toilet pots

C. Concrete blocks and steel pipes

D. Living roots and wet soil

Answer: B. Waste materials, terracotta pots, light fixtures, and broken toilet pots

Q34. How many statues border the 40-acre wonderland of the Rock Garden?

A. Around 500

B. Around 1,000

C. Around 5,000

D. Around 10,000

Answer: C. Around 5,000

Q35. What honor did Nek Chand receive from the Government of India a year after his garden was featured on a postage stamp?

A. Param Vir Chakra

B. Padma Shri

C. Bharat Ratna

D. Padma Vibhushan

Answer: B. Padma Shri

Q36. What is the main setting of Scene I in the play 'Wisdom Paves the Way'?

A. The King's grand court hall

B. A dusty road leading to Ujjain

C. A dense forest near the city gates

D. The market square of Ujjain

Answer: B. A dusty road leading to Ujjain

Q37. How long had the four young men been traveling from their home?

A. Three days

B. Five days

C. Ten days

D. Two weeks

Answer: C. Ten days

Q38. Who are the four young men in the play 'Wisdom Paves the Way'?

A. Ganesh, Kartikeya, Shiva, and Tenali

B. Ram Datt, Shiv Datt, Har Datt, and Dev Datt

C. Nek Chand, Rakesh, Velu, and Rohan

D. Sujit, Amit, Rohit, and Ranjit

Answer: B. Ram Datt, Shiv Datt, Har Datt, and Dev Datt

Q39. What does the merchant accuse the four young men of doing?

A. Lying about their identities

B. Stealing and selling his missing camel

C. Blocking the road to Ujjain

D. Trespassing in the King's palace garden

Answer: B. Stealing and selling his missing camel

Q40. Where do the four young men wait while the merchant goes to call the King?

A. Inside the city gates

B. Under a banyan tree yonder

C. In the local inn

D. At the city fountain

Answer: B. Under a banyan tree yonder

Q41. How did Ram Datt deduce that the camel was lame in one leg?

A. He saw the camel limping in the distance

B. The tracks showed only three feet left distinct impressions, while the fourth was faint

C. The merchant told him so directly

D. He found a lame camel's shoe on the road

Answer: B. The tracks showed only three feet left distinct impressions, while the fourth was faint

Q42. How did Shiv Datt deduce that the camel was blind in its right eye?

A. The camel kept walking in circles

B. It had nibbled foliage only on the left side of the road, leaving the right side undisturbed

C. Its right eye was covered with a patch of cloth

D. It bumped into a tree on the right side of the road

Answer: B. It had nibbled foliage only on the left side of the road, leaving the right side undisturbed

Q43. What evidence led Har Datt to conclude that the camel had a short tail?

A. He found pieces of a camel's tail on the road

B. He noticed small droplets of blood along the track, left by mosquito bites due to lack of a long tail's defense

C. He saw short hairs scattered on the grass

D. The camel tracks showed a short tail dragging in the sand

Answer: B. He noticed small droplets of blood along the track, left by mosquito bites due to lack of a long tail's defense

Q44. How did Dev Datt deduce that the camel was suffering from stomach pain?

A. The camel's tracks showed it was running very fast

B. The prints of the forefeet were deep and clear, while those of the sound hind feet were faint, showing it was crouching

C. He found a bottle of medicine on the road

D. He heard the camel groaning in pain from the bushes

Answer: B. The prints of the forefeet were deep and clear, while those of the sound hind feet were faint, showing it was crouching

Q45. What does the word 'foliage' mean in the context of the play?

A. The sandy surface of a dusty road

B. Green leaves and plants on trees and bushes

C. The leather harness used for camels

D. Small insects like mosquitoes

Answer: B. Green leaves and plants on trees and bushes

Q46. Who is the ruler of the kingdom where the four young men were put on trial?

A. The King of Vijayanagara

B. The King of Ujjain

C. The Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat

D. The Emperor of Delhi

Answer: B. The King of Ujjain

Q47. How does the Sentry describe the merchant's case to the King?

A. An inquiry about joining a new course

B. A grievance and accusation of camel theft against four travelers

C. A request for improving paddy yields

D. An invitation to Nek Chand's Rock Garden

Answer: B. A grievance and accusation of camel theft against four travelers

Q48. What was the King's reaction after hearing the detailed logical deductions of the four men?

A. He ordered them to be imprisoned for life

B. He marveled at their flawless reasoning and dismissed the merchant's charges

C. He ordered them to pay a heavy fine to the merchant

D. He sent them to search for the camel

Answer: B. He marveled at their flawless reasoning and dismissed the merchant's charges

Q49. What honor did the King of Ujjain bestow upon the four wise young men?

A. He gave them bags of gold coins

B. He appointed them as his court advisers

C. He gifted them the merchant's entire camel herd

D. He built a concrete stone garden in their honor

Answer: B. He appointed them as his court advisers

Q50. In the play, the King refers to the four men's wisdom as a '______' for his kingdom.

A. Shadow

B. Beacon

C. Canopy

D. Tapestry

Answer: B. Beacon

PART B: SHORT ANSWER COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Q1. Who was Ganesh's vehicle, and why did it put him at a disadvantage in the world-circling competition?

Answer: Ganesh's vehicle was a slow mouse. It put him at a disadvantage because he could not compete in physical speed with his brother Kartikeya, who had a fast peacock as his mount.

Q2. Explain the clever strategy Ganesh used to win the competition and get the divine fruit.

Answer: Ganesh realized he could not compete in speed, so he showed superior wisdom by circling his parents (Shiva and Parvati) three times. He explained that his devoted parents represented his entire world, which won their hearts and earned him the divine fruit of wisdom.

Q3. How does the textbook define the difference between 'knowledge' and 'wisdom'?

Answer: The textbook explains that knowledge is about learning facts and information, whereas wisdom is about using that knowledge with good judgment.

Q4. Why was King Krishnadeva Raya's reign considered the 'Golden Era' of the Vijayanagara Empire?

Answer: His reign was considered the Golden Era because the empire was renowned for its glory, wealth, and cultural achievements. Literature, art, and architecture flourished, and the King himself was an eminent warrior, a patron of learning, and a gifted poet.

Q5. Describe the literary group 'Ashtadiggajas' in Krishnadeva Raya's court.

Answer: The Ashtadiggajas were eight celebrated poets in the King's court who enriched the literary tradition with their masterpieces. Notable among them were Allasani Peddana and Tenali Ramakrishna, who was known for his quick wit and humor.

Q6. What kind of poem did King Krishnadeva Raya write that led to the dispute with his ministers?

Answer: The King wrote a poem filled with vague expressions about the sun, moon, stars, and beautiful sky. It made no sense, so his ministers avoided him and made excuses when he tried to recite it to them.

Q7. What caused the King to get angry at Queen Thirumalambal?

Answer: The King recited his vague poem to the Queen. Because she was exhausted from a tiring day, she yawned several times. The King mistook her yawns as disrespect for his poetry, became angry, and stormed off.

Q8. How did the King's absence and their unresolved quarrel affect the atmosphere in the palace?

Answer: The King's absence cast a dark shadow over the palace. The once cheerful corridors of the palace seemed quiet, lonely, and forlorn, and the unresolved quarrel continued to gnaw at the King's expression.

Q9. Why did Queen Thirumalambal decide to seek the help of Tenali Rama?

Answer: She sought Tenali Rama's help because he was the court's brilliant poet and witty advisor, renowned for finding clever, well-planned strategies to resolve seemingly insurmountable problems.

Q10. What was the main topic of the court discussion the morning after the King's storm-off, and what were the ministers suggesting?

Answer: The discussion was centered on improving paddy cultivation in the empire. Some ministers suggested expanding irrigation networks, while others advocated for better manure.

Q11. What 'revolutionary' seeds did Tenali Rama present in the court, and what was his claim?

Answer: Tenali Rama presented a plateful of special paddy seeds and claimed that if they were sown, the yield would be three times greater than current results.

Q12. What condition did Tenali Rama set for sowing these special paddy seeds?

Answer: Tenali Rama stated that these special seeds would only grow if they were sown by a person who has never yawned while listening to a poem. If anyone else sowed them, the crops would fail and the farmers would suffer.

Q13. How did Tenali Rama's clever paddy seed condition resolve the quarrel between the King and Queen?

Answer: The condition made the King realize that yawning during a poem is a natural reaction to exhaustion, not an act of disrespect. The King burst out laughing, realized his pride had blinded him, and went to apologize to Queen Thirumalambal.

Q14. In the story, what did the courtier known for his sarcasm whisper when Tenali Rama introduced his seeds?

Answer: The sarcastic courtier whispered loud enough to be heard, wondering if they were magic seeds and suggesting that Tenali Rama would next claim they could grow without water.

Q15. Who was the arrogant scholar who visited the kingdom, and what was his objective?

Answer: He was a renowned scholar proud of his academic achievements who visited the kingdom of Vijayanagara to challenge the court scholars and establish his intellectual superiority over them.

Q16. Why were the court scholars afraid of the visiting scholar's challenge?

Answer: They were afraid of being defeated by the scholar's vast learning, and they also feared the King's severe anger if they refused to face him or lost the debate.

Q17. What did Tenali Rama place on the table to trick the visiting scholar, and what name did he give it?

Answer: Tenali Rama placed a huge bundle wrapped in a rich silk cloth on the table and named it 'tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana,' proposing to debate its merits.

Q18. Why did the visiting scholar accept defeat and quietly leave the palace without discussing the work?

Answer: The scholar was taken aback because, despite having read thousands of Sanskrit works, he had never heard of 'tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana.' Fearing public humiliation and defeat, he quietly slipped away.

Q19. Explain the literal meaning of the words 'tila', 'kashta', 'mahisha', and 'bandhana' in Tenali Rama's trick.

Answer: In Sanskrit, 'tila' means sesame plants, 'kashta' means sticks (so 'tilakashta' means sticks of sesame plants). 'Mahisha' means buffalo, and 'bandhana' means a rope used for tying. Together, it literally referred to sesame sticks tied with a buffalo-hide rope.

Q20. What is the moral lesson taught by Tenali Rama's encounter with the arrogant scholar?

Answer: It teaches that practical intelligence, quick wit, and simple common sense are far more powerful than dry academic book-learning and boastful arrogance.

Q21. Give the answers to the four riddles given on Page 1 of the textbook, as listed in the answer key on Page 16.

Answer: The answers are: (1) Words, (2) Footprints, (3) The future / Time, and (4) Reflection.

Q22. On Page 9 of the textbook, what are some of the sound words used to describe reactions? Provide three examples.

Answer: The sound words used in the text are 'roared', 'snickers', 'murmur', 'mumble', 'groan', and 'groan/sighed'.

Q23. Explain how the conditional sentence 'If I had known this would happen, I would have chosen another day' represents past unfulfilled conditions.

Answer: This is a Type 3 conditional sentence. It uses the Past Perfect ('had known') in the 'if-clause' and 'would have + past participle' ('would have chosen') in the main clause to describe a past hypothetical scenario that did not actually occur.

Q24. Combine these clauses into a complete conditional sentence: Column 1: 'If it rains tomorrow,' and Column 2: 'We will stay indoors and play board games.'

Answer: 'If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors and play board games.' This is a Type 1 conditional expressing a highly possible future action.

Q25. Rewrite this sentence using appropriate modals: 'It is advisable for you to think before you speak.'

Answer: 'You should think before you speak.' (using the modal 'should' to indicate advice).

Q26. Who is the speaker's next-door neighbour in the poem 'A Concrete Example', and what does she have in her garden?

Answer: The neighbour is Mrs. Jones. Her garden contains stones, a crazy path, a lily pond, a rockery, and a sundial with a strange device.

Q27. Why does the speaker think Mrs. Jones must plant her little plants with a pin?

Answer: The plants are described as extremely delicate and tiny, planted between the stones. They are so small that the speaker cannot imagine how they could be put in without a pin.

Q28. How does the speaker feel about Mrs. Jones's stone garden initially?

Answer: The speaker is disappointed and thinks the stone garden is too ordinary and dull, viewing it as a plain 'concrete' example of gardening habits rather than a place of beauty.

Q29. What is the ironic twist at the end of 'A Concrete Example' when the speaker asks where the lovely flower is?

Answer: The ironic twist is that when the speaker asks where the flower is after talking about it for fifteen minutes, Mrs. Jones calmly replies, 'You're standing on it.'

Q30. What does the 'sundial' represent in Mrs. Jones's garden, and how is it described in the poem?

Answer: The sundial is described as having a 'strange device' which Mrs. Jones thinks is rather nice. It represents her pride in having a unique, non-traditional stony garden.

Q31. When was Nek Chand's Rock Garden created, and what does it prove?

Answer: It was created in 1957 in Chandigarh. It serves as a proof of human creativity, showing how waste materials can be recycled and transformed into beautiful masterpieces.

Q32. How is the Rock Garden of Chandigarh divided, and what is featured on its borders?

Answer: The garden is spread across a massive 40-acre wonderland and is divided into three distinct phases. The borders of the garden are lined with approximately 5,000 statues.

Q33. List some of the waste materials and installations featured in Nek Chand's Rock Garden.

Answer: The installations include terracotta pots, light fixtures, colourful sculptures, mosaic art pieces, and even discarded broken toilet pots transformed into artistic structures.

Q34. How did the Government of India honor Nek Chand and his Rock Garden in 1983 and 1984?

Answer: In 1983, the Rock Garden was featured on an Indian postage stamp, and in 1984, Nek Chand was awarded the prestigious Padma Shri.

Q35. What does the poem 'In the Garden of Greens' (on Page 26) describe?

Answer: It describes a peaceful, wide Odisha garden with leafy trees (mango, neem, tamarind), bright red flowers, bamboo lines, a mirrored pond with a floating lotus, and silver moonlight, calling it 'a little Eden, calm and free.'

Q36. What is the setting of Scene I of the play 'Wisdom Paves the Way'?

Answer: The setting is a dusty, sunny road leading to the grand city of Ujjain, visible in the distance, where four young men are walking.

Q37. Why are the four young men traveling to Ujjain, and what is their current state?

Answer: They are traveling to secure an audience with the King of Ujjain, hoping he will recognize their talents and employ them. They appear travel-worn but resolute.

Q38. Who approaches the four young men on the road to Ujjain, and what has he lost?

Answer: A merchant approaches them in haste, panting and highly distressed, seeking help because his valuable camel has gone astray.

Q39. Why did the merchant call the four young men 'deceivers' and threaten to take them to the King?

Answer: He called them deceivers because they described his lost camel perfectly (lame, blind, short tail, stomach pain) but claimed they had never seen it. He believed they must have stolen and sold it.

Q40. Describe the setting of Scene II of 'Wisdom Paves the Way'.

Answer: The setting is the King of Ujjain's royal court, which is adorned with rich draperies, tall pillars, a golden canopy, and tapestries. The King is young and regal.

Q41. How did Ram Datt know the camel was lame in one of its legs?

Answer: Ram Datt studied the fresh tracks on the road and observed that only three feet left deep, distinct impressions, while the fourth was faint and dragged, indicating a clear limp.

Q42. What led Shiv Datt to conclude that the camel was blind in its right eye?

Answer: He noticed that the camel had nibbled on green foliage only on the left side of the road, leaving the leaves on the right side completely untouched and undisturbed.

Q43. What clue did Har Datt find that showed the camel had a short tail?

Answer: He noticed small droplets of blood along the track, left by mosquito bites. A camel with a normal or long tail would have fended off these insects easily; its inability to do so proved it had a short tail.

Q44. Explain Dev Datt's deduction about the camel's stomach pain.

Answer: Dev Datt observed that the prints of the camel's forefeet were deep and clear, while those of the sound hind foot were faint. This pattern showed the animal was crouching and drawing up its hind legs due to stomach discomfort.

Q45. What is the meaning of the word 'grievance' in the King's court?

Answer: A grievance is a formal complaint or charge brought to an authority for resolution, such as the merchant bringing his complaint about camel theft to the King.

Q46. How does the King of Ujjain react to the young men's explanation of their deductions?

Answer: The King is amazed and marvels at their reasoning. He praises their sharp eyes, deep insight, and says their reasoning is flawless and speaks of a wisdom that goes beyond mere sight.

Q47. What is the final outcome of the trial in Ujjain for the four young men?

Answer: The King dismisses the merchant's accusations as baseless and misguided. He then extends a grand honour to the four young men, appointing them as his court advisers.

Q48. What does the noun form of the verb 'deduce' mean, and what is the word?

Answer: The noun form is 'deduction'. It refers to the action of arriving at a logical conclusion about a specific situation using reasoning and observed facts.

Q49. What are the noun forms of the words 'observe' and 'accuse'?

Answer: The noun form of 'observe' is 'observation', and the noun form of 'accuse' is 'accusation' (or 'accusations').

Q50. What lesson about 'wit and wisdom' can be learned from the play 'Wisdom Paves the Way'?

Answer: It teaches that keen observation, logical analysis, and critical thinking can solve difficult mysteries, resolve false accusations, and bring recognition and honour.