SIMPLE PAST TENSE OR PAST INDEFINITE TENSE ( STRUCTURE + USE )

 

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
OR
SIMPLE PAST TENSE

 

ଅତୀତ ସରଳ କିମ୍ବା Past Simple କାଳରେ କାମ, ଘଟଣା ବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅତୀତରେ ସମାପ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ବୋଲି ଦର୍ଶାଯାଏ।

Read the following sentences :

 

(1) ସୀତା ରାମଙ୍କୁ ଚିଠି ଲେଖିଲା।

Sita wrote a letter to Ram.

(2) ସେମାନେ ଫୁଟବଲ୍ ଖେଳିଲେ।

They played football.

(3) ରବିଶଙ୍କର ଏକ T.V. କିଣିଲା।

Ravi Shankar purchased a T.V.

(4) ଗତକାଲି ବର୍ଷା ହେଲା।

It rained yesterday.

(5) ସେ ଗତକାଲି ଜୟପୁରକୁ ଗଲା।

He went to Jaipur yesterday.

(6) ସାକ୍ଷୀ ତାଙ୍କ ପୋଷାକ ଧୋଇଲା।

Sakshi washed her clothes.

(7) ମୁଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ପୁସ୍ତକ ଲେଖିଲି।

I wrote a book.

(8) ସେ ଗତକାଲି ଏଠାକୁ ଆସିଲା।

He came here yesterday.

(9) ରହିମ୍ 100 ଟଙ୍କା ଦାନ କଲା।

Rahim donated one hundred rupees.

(10) ମୁଁ ତାକୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କଲି।

I helped her.

 

ଏହି ପ୍ରକାରର ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର Structure (ରଚନା):

 Subject + V2+ Object

 

#Negative and Interrogative Sentences

 

Past Indefinite କାଳର Negative ଓ Interrogative ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର Structure ଏଭଳି ହୋଇଥାଏ :

 

**Negative —** Subject + did not + V1 + Object.

**Interrogative —** Did + Subject + V1 + Object?

 

**Affirmative – Negative – Interrogative**

(1) He wrote. → He did not write. → Did he write?

(2) She went. → She did not go. → Did she go?

(3) They played. → They did not play. → Did they play?

(4) Ram abused. → Ram did not abuse. → Did Ram abuse?

(5) Radha made a mistake. → Radha did not make a mistake. → Did Radha make a mistake?

 

### Interrogative-Negative Sentences

 

Interrogative-Negative ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର Structure ଏଭଳି ହୋଇଥାଏ :

Did + Subject + not + V1 + Object ?

Or

Didn’t + Subject + V1 + Object ?

 

**Affirmative – Interrogative-Negative**

(1) He watched T.V. → Did he not watch T.V.? / Didn’t he watch T.V.?

(2) He went to market. → Did he not go to market? / Didn’t he go to market?

 

**Past Indefinite କାଳର ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ Negative, Interrogative ଓ Interrogative-Negative ରେ କରାଯିବାବେଳେ Verb ର First form (V1) ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥାଏ।**


USE OF SIMPLE PAST IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS
(ବ୍ୟବହାର)

 

(1) ଯେତେବେଳେ ଗୋଟିଏ କାମ ଅତୀତରେ (Past time)  ହୋଇଯାଏ, ସେଥିରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ସମୟ (yesterday, last year ଇତ୍ୟାଦି) ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) An accident took place yesterday.

(b) I wrote a letter day before yesterday.

(c) He came last night.

(d) She telephoned me last night.

 

(2) କାମଟି (ଯାହାର ସମୟ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ କରାଯାଇନାହିଁ) ଅତୀତରେ ସମାପ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) He went to market.

(b) I donated five thousand rupees.

(c) She washed her clothes.

(d) Ramesh bought a pen.

 

(3) ଅତୀତରେ କାହାର ଅଭ୍ୟାସ (habit) ଦର୍ଶାଇବା ପାଇଁ Past Indefinite ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) He always carried this bag.

(b) She never went to church.

(c) She always asked for a cup of tea.

(d) He never missed the train.

 

Ø Pastରେ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ବୁଝାଇବାକୁ **used to** ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) He used to smoke ten cigarettes daily. (He does not smoke now.)

(b) He used to walk in the morning. (He does not walk now.)

 

(4) Direct Narrationରେ ଯଦି Reporting Verb Past Tenseରେ ଥାଏ ତେବେ Reported Speechର Present Indefinite → Past Indefiniteରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ ହୋଇଯାଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) He said, ‘‘I go to market.’’ → He said that he went to market.

(b) Ram said to Sita, ‘‘Laxman goes into the forest.’’ → Ram told Sita that Laxman went into the forest.

 

(5) Conditional Sentencesରେ if ପରେ Past Indefinite ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) If I had a map I would give it to her. (But I haven’t a map. – Present meaning)

(b) If he tried to blackmail me, I would inform you. (But I don’t expect that he will try to blackmail me. – Future meaning)

 

(6) କ୍ରମାନୁସାରୀ ଘଟଣା (sequence of actions) ଦର୍ଶାଇବାରେ Past Indefinite ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ।

Before, conjunction ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) He switched on the light before he opened the door.

(b) The train started just before I reached the station.

(c) He changed his dress before he went to bed.

(d) She switched off the light before he locked the door.

 

(7) କୌଣସି incident (ଘଟଣା) ସମୟରେ ଅନ୍ୟଏକ ଘଟଣା ଏକା ସାଂଗରେ (simultaneously)  ଘଟିଥାଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) When the queen entered the hall, the orchestra played the National Anthem.

(b) When the P.M. entered the meeting room, all congratulated him.

 

(8) Wish ବା If onlyରେ Past Indefinite ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇ, Unreal Past  ଦ୍ୱାରା Presentର meaning ବୁଝାଯାଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) I wish I were a millionaire. (I am not a millionaire.)

(b) I wish I knew her. (I don’t know her.)

(c) If only I knew her. (I don’t know her.)

(d) If only he allowed me to deliver a lecture. (He doesn’t allow me.)

 

(9) କିଛି Structureରେ Past Indefinite ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇ, Unreal Past (present situation) ବୁଝାଯାଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:

(a) It is time we went home. (It is time for us to go home.)

(b) It is time you finished. (It is time for you to finish.)

(c) It is high time we left. (It is proper time for us to leave.)

(d) 11 O’clock! It is time you went home. (It is time for you to go home.)

 


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