STRUCTURE OF PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( TENSE AND TRANSLATION) UNIT 9

 

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 

This tense is used when an action started in the past and is still continuing at present, or has just stopped but is still connected to the present.

 ଏହି କାଳଟିକୁ ସେତେବେଳେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ, ଯେତେବେଳେ କୌଣସି କାମ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଓ ଏବେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଚାଲୁଛି, କିମ୍ବା ସେମାନେ କେବଳେ ଥାମିଛନ୍ତି କିନ୍ତୁ ପରିଣାମ ଏବେ ସହିତ ଜଡିତ ଅଛି।

Sentence Structure (ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ)

Subject + has/have been + V-ing + Object + since/for + ...


EXAMPLES

1. He has been playing for two hours.

   ସେ ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ଖେଳୁଛି।

2. He has been playing since 2 o’clock.

   ସେ ଦୁଇଟାରୁ ଖେଳୁଛି।

3. Sita has been waiting for you since morning.

   ସୀତା ସକାଳରୁ ତୁମ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରୁଛି।

4. Ram has been writing a book for a month.

   ରାମ ଗୋଟେ ମାସ ଧରି ପୁସ୍ତକ ଲେଖୁଛି।

 

5. Ramesh has been living here since 1997.

   ରମେଶ ୧୯୯୭ରୁ ଏଠାରେ ରହୁଛି।

6. Sarla has been teaching in this college since June.

   ସରଳା ଜୁନ୍‌ରୁ ଏହି କଲେଜରେ ପଢାଉଛି।

7. It has been raining for a long time.

   ବହୁଦିନ ଧରି ବର୍ଷା ପଡ଼ୁଛି।

8. They have been watching TV since morning.

   ସେମାନେ ସକାଳରୁ ଟିଭି ଦେଖୁଛନ୍ତି।

9. I have been studying for two hours.

   ମୁଁ ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ପଢ଼ୁଛି।

10. Hema has been dancing for three hours.

    ହେମା ତିନି ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ନାଚୁଛି।


👉 vFor / Since Rules 

For → Period of time (ସମୟର ଅବଧି ପାଇଁ)

for two hours(ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ପାଇଁ)

for 15 days (୧୫ ଦିନ ପାଇଁ),

for a long time(ବହୁଦିନ ପାଇଁ)

Since → Point of time (ସମୟର ଆରମ୍ଭ ସ୍ଥାନ ପାଇଁ)

since morning( ସକାଳରୁ)

 since Monday (ସୋମବାରରୁ)

 since 1997 (୧୯୯୭ରୁ)


👉v  Has been / Have been Rules

ü Has been → Singular 3rd person subjects (He, She, It, Name)

                      (ତୃତୀୟ ପୁରୁଷ ଏକବଚନ କର୍ତ୍ତା)

ü Have been → I, You, We, They, plural subjects

                      (ପ୍ରଥମ ପୁରୁଷ, ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ପୁରୁଷ ଏବଂ ବହୁବଚନ କର୍ତ୍ତା)


Ø 1

 Affirmative: I have been studying for three hours.

                           ମୁଁ ତିନି ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ପଢ଼ୁଛି।

     Negative: I have not been studying for three hours.

                       ମୁଁ ତିନି ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ପଢ଼ୁନାହିଁ।

Interrogative: Have I been studying for three hours?

                         ମୁଁ କି ତିନି ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ପଢ଼ୁଛି?

Interrogative–Negative: Have I not been studying for three hours? /                                        Haven’t I been studying for three hours?

                                       ମୁଁ କି ତିନି ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ପଢ଼ୁନାହିଁ?

Ø 2

Affirmative: She has been cooking since morning.

                         ସେ ସକାଳରୁ ରାନ୍ଧୁଛନ୍ତି।

Negative: She has not been cooking since morning.

                      ସେ ସକାଳରୁ ରାନ୍ଧୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି ।

Interrogative:    Has she been cooking since morning?

                        ସେ କି ସକାଳରୁ ରାନ୍ଧୁଛନ୍ତି ?

Interrogative–Negative: Has she not been cooking since morning? /                                                       Hasn’t she been cooking since morning?

                        ସେ କି ସକାଳରୁ ରାନ୍ଧୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି ?

Ø 3

Affirmative: They have been playing football for two hours.

                    ସେମାନେ ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ଫୁଟବଲ୍ ଖେଳୁଛନ୍ତି।

Negative: They have not been playing football for two hours.

                   ସେମାନେ ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ଫୁଟବଲ୍ ଖେଳୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି।

Interrogative: Have they been playing football for two hours?

                     ସେମାନେ କି ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ଫୁଟବଲ୍ ଖେଳୁଛନ୍ତି?

Interrogative–Negative: Have they not been playing football for two hours? /                                         Haven’t they been playing football for two hours?

                   ସେମାନେ କି ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ଫୁଟବଲ୍ ଖେଳୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି?   

Ø 4

Affirmative: He has been reading since 5 o’clock.

                ସେ ପାଞ୍ଚଟାରୁ ପଢ଼ୁଛନ୍ତି।

Negative:He has not been reading since 5 o’clock.

                     ସେ ପାଞ୍ଚଟାରୁ ପଢ଼ୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି।

Interrogative: Has he been reading since 5 o’clock?

                       ସେ କି ପାଞ୍ଚଟାରୁ ପଢ଼ୁଛନ୍ତି?

Interrogative–Negative: Has he not been reading since 5 o’clock? / Hasn’t he                        been reading since 5 o’clock?

                     ସେ କି ପାଞ୍ଚଟାରୁ ପଢ଼ୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି? 

Ø 5

Affirmative: We have been working in this office for five years.

                     ଆମେ ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ଏହି ଅଫିସରେ କାମ କରୁଛୁ।

Negative: We have not been working in this office for five years.

                      ଆମେ ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ଏହି ଅଫିସରେ କାମ କରୁନାହିଁ।

Interrogative: Have we been working in this office for five years?

                      ଆମେ କି ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ଏହି ଅଫିସରେ କାମ କରୁଛୁ?

Interrogative–Negative: Have we not been working in this office for five                             years? / Haven’t we been working in this office for five years?

                        ଆମେ କି ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ଏହି ଅଫିସରେ କାମ କରୁନାହିଁ?   

Ø (6)

Affirmative: You have been writing a letter since 8 o’clock.

                      ତୁମେ ଆଠଟାରୁ ଚିଠି ଲେଖୁଛ।

Negative: You have not been writing a letter since 8 o’clock.

                 ତୁମେ ଆଠଟାରୁ ଚିଠି ଲେଖୁନାହ।

Interrogative: Have you been writing a letter since 8 o’clock?

                 ତୁମେ କି ଆଠଟାରୁ ଚିଠି ଲେଖୁଛ?

Interrogative–Negative: Have you not been writing a letter since 8    o’clock? / Haven’t you been writing a letter since 8 o’clock?

                  ତୁମେ କି ଆଠଟାରୁ ଚିଠି ଲେଖୁନାହ?

Ø 7

Affirmative: It has been raining for an hour.

                     ଗୋଟେ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ବର୍ଷା ପଡ଼ୁଛି।

Negative: It has not been raining for an hour.

  ଗୋଟେ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ବର୍ଷା ପଡ଼ୁନାହିଁ।

Interrogative: Has it been raining for an hour?

  ଗୋଟେ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି କି ବର୍ଷା ପଡ଼ୁଛି?

Interrogative–Negative: Has it not been raining for an hour? / Hasn’t it been                                          raining for an hour?

                                   ଗୋଟେ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି କି ବର୍ଷା ପଡ଼ୁନାହିଁ?

             Ø 8

Affirmative: The children have been studying since morning.

                    ପିଲାମାନେ ସକାଳରୁ ପଢ଼ୁଛନ୍ତି।

Negative: The children have not been studying since morning.

                   ପିଲାମାନେ ସକାଳରୁ ପଢ଼ୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି।

Interrogative: Have the children been studying since morning?

                 ପିଲାମାନେ କି ସକାଳରୁ ପଢ଼ୁଛନ୍ତି?

Interrogative–Negative: Have the children not been studying since morning? / Haven’t the children been studying since morning?

                  ପିଲାମାନେ କି ସକାଳରୁ ପଢ଼ୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି?

Ø (9)

 Affirmative: My brother has been learning English for six months.

                   ମୋ ଭାଇ ଛଅ ମାସ ଧରି ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶିଖୁଛନ୍ତି।

Negative: My brother has not been learning English for six months.

      ମୋ ଭାଇ ଛଅ ମାସ ଧରି ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶିଖୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି।

Interrogative: Has my brother been learning English for six months?

  ମୋ ଭାଇ କି ଛଅ ମାସ ଧରି ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶିଖୁଛନ୍ତି?

Interrogative–Negative: Has my brother not been learning English for six months? / Hasn’t my brother been learning English for six months?

         ମୋ ଭାଇ କି ଛଅ ମାସ ଧରି ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶିଖୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି?

 

Ø 10

 Affirmative: We have been waiting for the bus since 7 o’clock.

                ଆମେ ସାତଟାରୁ ବସ୍ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରୁଛୁ।

Negative: We have not been waiting for the bus since 7 o’clock.

             ଆମେ ସାତଟାରୁ ବସ୍ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରୁନାହିଁ।

Interrogative: Have we been waiting for the bus since 7 o’clock?

            ଆମେ କି ସାତଟାରୁ ବସ୍ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରୁଛୁ?

Interrogative–Negative: Have we not been waiting for the bus since 7 o’clock? / Haven’t we been waiting for the bus since 7 o’clock?

           ଆମେ କି ସାତଟାରୁ ବସ୍ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରୁନାହିଁ?




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