Present Perfect Tense
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କାଳ
English Grammar Notes
💡 What is Present Perfect Tense?
Present Perfect Tense is used when an action has been completed, but its result or effect is connected with the present.
Present Perfect Tense କୁ ସେହି ସମୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ, ଯେତେବେଳେ କାମଟି ହୋଇସାରିଛି, କିନ୍ତୁ ତାହାର ଫଳାଫଳ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସହିତ ଜଡ଼ିତ ଅଛି।
🏗️ Basic Structure
| Helping Verb | Used With |
|---|---|
| HAS | He, She, It, Name, My brother, My mother etc. |
| HAVE | I, You, We, They + Plural Subjects |
⚡ HAS or HAVE?
🟣 HAS
He has gone.
She has arrived.
Ram has completed the work.
🟢 HAVE
I have gone.
We have arrived.
They have completed the work.
📚 10 Important Examples
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | English |
|---|---|
| 1. ସେ ଯାଇଛି। | He has gone. |
| 2. ଟ୍ରେନ୍ ପହଞ୍ଚିଛି। | The train has arrived. |
| 3. ମୁଁ ସ୍ନାନ କରିଛି। | I have taken a bath. |
| 4. ସେ ସୋଇଯାଇଛି। | She has slept. |
| 5. ସୁରେଶ ଏବେ ଏବେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଛି। | Suresh has just arrived. |
| 6. ଏମାତ୍ର ସାତଟା ହେଲା। | It has just struck seven. |
| 7. ମୁଁ ମୋର ପ୍ରୋଜେକ୍ଟ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିଛି। | I have completed my project. |
| 8. ମହେଶ ତାଙ୍କ କାମ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିଛି। | Mahesh has completed his work. |
| 9. ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଖାଇଛନ୍ତି। | The teacher has taken food. |
| 10. ମହେଶ ଏବେ ଏବେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଛି। | Mahesh has just arrived. |
✅ Affirmative Sentences
🔹 He has gone.
🔹 I have done my work.
🔹 They have played football.
🔹 Sita has arrived.
❌ Negative Sentences
| Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|
| I have taken lunch. | I have not taken lunch. |
| They have gone. | They have not gone. |
| Sita has arrived. | Sita has not arrived. |
| He has gone. | He has not gone. |
❓ Interrogative Sentences
| Affirmative | Interrogative |
|---|---|
| I have taken lunch. | Have I taken lunch? |
| They have gone. | Have they gone? |
| Sita has arrived. | Has Sita arrived? |
| He has gone. | Has he gone? |
❓❌ Interrogative-Negative
Structure 1:
Structure 2:
| Full Form | Short Form |
|---|---|
| Has he not taken food? | Hasn't he taken food? |
| Have I not done my work? | Haven't I done my work? |
| Have they not gone? | Haven't they gone? |
| Has she not arrived? | Hasn't she arrived? |
🧠 Quick Revision: HAS / HAVE
| Subject | Helping Verb | Example |
|---|---|---|
| He | has | He has gone. |
| She | has | She has arrived. |
| I | have | I have worked. |
| You | have | You have worked. |
| We | have | We have worked. |
| They | have | They have worked. |
📌 Remember: Use V³
Present Perfect Tense ରେ main verb ର Third Form (V³) ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଏ।
| V¹ | V² | V³ |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone |
| write | wrote | written |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| do | did | done |
| take | took | taken |
⭐ SUPER QUICK REVISION ⭐
✅ Affirmative
Subject + has/have + V³ + Object
❌ Negative
Subject + has/have + not + V³ + Object
❓ Interrogative
Has/Have + Subject + V³ + Object?
❓❌ Interrogative-Negative
Has/Have + Subject + not + V³ + Object?
🧠 Easy Memory Trick
HAS → He, She, It 👨🏫👩🎓
HAVE → I, You, We, They 👨👩👧👦
Always remember → HAS/HAVE + V³ ✅
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