Subject-Verb Agreement Part-7

 

Rule 35


None ସହ ସାଧାରଣତଃ Singular Verb ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯିବାକୁ ଠିକ୍ ମନାଯାଏ, କିନ୍ତୁ Modern English ରେ none ସହ Plural Verb ମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯିପାରେ।


📌 According to Grammarians 


(1) None but the brave deserves the reward. (Singular)


(2) None were injured. (Plural)


(3) None of the minor characters were present on the day of rehearsal. (Plural)


(4) None of his works shows his capabilities and his calibre. (Singular)



📝 ଟିପ୍ପଣୀ:

None ର ଅର୍ଥ “not one” କିମ୍ବା “no one” ହେଲେ Singular Verb, ଯଦି ଏହା plural meaning ରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ, ତେବେ Plural Verb ହୁଏ।



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Rule 36


(A) ଯଦି କୌଣସି ବାକ୍ୟରେ Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) ଥାଏ, ତେବେ ସେହି Verb ର ରୂପ ସେହି Relative Pronoun ର Antecedent (ଆଗକୁ ଆସିଥିବା Noun/Pronoun) ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ।


ଉଦାହରଣ:


(1) It is I who have telephoned you.


(2) It is he who is responsible for this loss.


(3) The book that is here is mine.


(4) The books that are here are mine.


(5) The woman, who is in black saree, is my wife.


(6) The women, who are standing there, are my sisters.



(B) ଯେପରି ବାକ୍ୟ ଯେଉଁଥିରେ one of ସହ Relative Pronoun ଆସେ, ସେଠାରେ ଏହାର verb, pronoun ଅନୁସାରେ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କରାଯାଏ:


ଉଦାହରଣ:


(1) He is one of those who do not attend the meeting.


(2) It is one of the problems that hamper the work.



📌 ଟିପ୍ପଣୀ:

ଏଠି those/problems Plural ଅଟେ → Verb ମଧ୍ୟ Plural ହୁଏ: do, hamper etc.



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Rule 37


Nothing but ସହିତ ବାକ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲେ Verb ସବୁବେଳେ Singular ହେବା ଉଚିତ, କାରଣ Nothing but ପରେ ଥିବା noun ସିଂଗୁଲାର ହେଉ ତ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼ିନାହିଁ।


ଉଦାହରଣ:


(1) Nothing but hill is seen.


(2) Nothing but birds is seen.


(3) Nothing but girls is there.


(4) Nothing but a student is there.




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Rule 38


ଯଦି Singular noun ପୂର୍ବରୁ no ଆସିଥାଏ, ତେବେ verb ସିଂଗୁଲାର ହୁଏ:


ଉଦାହରଣ:


(1) No boy and no girl was present in the party.


(2) No man and no woman was swimming at that time.




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Rule 39


ଯଦି figures (ଅଂକ) ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ଓ and ସହିତ ଯୋଡାଯାଏ, ତେବେ verb ସିଂଗୁଲାର ବା ପ୍ଲୁରାଲ ଦୁହେଁ ହୋଇପାରେ:


ଉଦାହରଣ:


(1) Four and four is eight.


(2) Four and four are eight.



📌 ଟିପ୍ପଣୀ:

ଯଦି ଯୋଡାଯାଇଥିବା ଅଂକଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଏକ unit ଭାବରେ ଦର୍ଶାଯାଏ, ତେବେ singular verb। ଯଦି ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ଗଣନା ଭାବରେ ଦର୍ଶାଯାଏ, ତେବେ plural verb।



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Rule 40


କିଛି ବାକ୍ୟରେ as ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଏ ଯେଉଁଠି subject ପରେ as ଆସିଥାଏ, ବ୍ୟବହୃତ subject understood ହୋଇଥାଏ।


ଉଦାହରଣ:


(1) There were not so many workers as were required.


(2) There was not so many workers as was expected.



📌 ବିବେଚନା:


First sentence: as they were required → Verb: were (Plural verb)


Second sentence: as it was expected → Verb: was (Singular verb)

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