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 Poem Text: The Ballad of Father Gilligan by W.B. Yeats > The old priest Peter Gilligan Was weary night and day; For half his flock were in their beds Or under green sods lay. > Once, while he nodded on a chair, At the moth-hour of eve, Another poor man sent for him, And he began to grieve. > "I have no rest, nor joy, nor peace, For people die and die"; And after cried he, "God forgive! My body spake, not I!" > He knelt, and leaning on the chair He prayed and fell asleep; And the moth-hour went from the fields, And stars began to peep. > They slowly into millions grew, And leaves shook in the wind; And God covered the world with shade, And whispered to mankind. > Upon the time of sparrow chirp When the moths came once more, The old priest Peter Gilligan Stood upright on the floor. > "Mavrone, mavrone! The man has died, While I slept on the chair"; He roused his horse out of its sleep, And rode with little care. > He rode now as he n...

 📖 Summary of “The Ballad of Father Gilligan” "The Ballad of Father Gilligan" tells the touching story of an old, weary priest named Father Peter Gilligan. During a time of famine or epidemic, many people in his parish are dying. Day and night, he goes from house to house, offering prayers and last rites to the dying. He is physically and emotionally exhausted. One evening, as he rests on a chair, another person sends for him. Overwhelmed, he speaks words of frustration and quickly asks God for forgiveness, realizing his complaint was born out of tiredness. While praying, he falls asleep unknowingly. When he wakes up the next morning, he panics, thinking the dying man must have passed away without receiving his final blessings. He rushes to the man’s house, only to find that the man has already died — peacefully — and the family believes Father Gilligan had already come. At that moment, Father Gilligan realizes that while he was asleep, God sent an angel in his place to perf...

 --- ✅ 1. Who is the main character in the poem? A) W.B. Yeats B) Peter Gilligan C) A dying man D) A bishop Answer: B) Peter Gilligan --- ✅ 2. Why was Father Gilligan weary? A) He was old B) He was praying all day C) He had been traveling D) Half his flock were sick or dead Answer: D) Half his flock were sick or dead --- ✅ 3. What is the ‘moth-hour of eve’? A) Morning time B) Midnight C) Evening twilight D) Noon Answer: C) Evening twilight --- ✅ 4. What did Father Gilligan say that he regretted? A) “I am too old to work” B) “My body spake, not I!” C) “I will not go” D) “I must sleep now” Answer: B) “My body spake, not I!” --- ✅ 5. What did he do after he cried for forgiveness? A) Went to sleep in bed B) Rode off to visit the sick C) Knelt and fell asleep D) Ate his dinner Answer: C) Knelt and fell asleep --- ✅ 6. What covered the world as he slept? A) Darkness B) Stars C) Rain D) Fog Answer: A) Darkness --- ✅ 7. When did Father Gilligan wake up? A) Midnight B) At dawn C) At sunset ...

 Rule 41 Everyone, Everybody, Nobody, Somebody, No one, Each one, Someone ସହିତ Singular Verb ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ | ଯେପରି: (1) Everyone was happy to get this news. (2) Somebody is coming here. (3) Each one was given a gift. (4) Someone is there in the hall. --- Rule 42 Either of, Each of, Neither of ସହିତ ସମୟରେ Singular Verb ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ | ଧ୍ୟାନ ରଖନ୍ତୁ, Either of, Each of ଏବଂ Neither of ପରେ Subject (noun) Plural ଆସେ | ଯେପରି: (a) Each of the students was given a gift. (b) Either of the magazines is useful. (c) Neither of the books is cheap. (d) Neither of the girls was beautiful. --- Rule 43 କୌଣସି ବାକ୍ୟରେ Verb ତାହାର Subject ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଲାଗେ ନାହିଁ, Complement ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଲାଗେ | ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏହି କଥା ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୁଏ | ଯେପରି: (1) Our only guide were the stars. – Incorrect Our only guide was the stars. – Correct (2) The stars was our only guide. – Incorrect The stars were our only guide. – Correct --- Rule 44 କିଛି Verb ପରେ 'as' ଅନିବାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୁଏ | ସେହି Verb ହେଲେ: regard, describe, represent, p...

  Rule 35 None ସହ ସାଧାରଣତଃ Singular Verb ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯିବାକୁ ଠିକ୍ ମନାଯାଏ, କିନ୍ତୁ Modern English ରେ none ସହ Plural Verb ମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯିପାରେ। 📌 According to Grammarians  (1) None but the brave deserves the reward. (Singular) (2) None were injured. (Plural) (3) None of the minor characters were present on the day of rehearsal. (Plural) (4) None of his works shows his capabilities and his calibre. (Singular) 📝 ଟିପ୍ପଣୀ: None ର ଅର୍ଥ “not one” କିମ୍ବା “no one” ହେଲେ Singular Verb, ଯଦି ଏହା plural meaning ରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ, ତେବେ Plural Verb ହୁଏ। --- Rule 36 (A) ଯଦି କୌଣସି ବାକ୍ୟରେ Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) ଥାଏ, ତେବେ ସେହି Verb ର ରୂପ ସେହି Relative Pronoun ର Antecedent (ଆଗକୁ ଆସିଥିବା Noun/Pronoun) ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ। ଉଦାହରଣ: (1) It is I who have telephoned you. (2) It is he who is responsible for this loss. (3) The book that is here is mine. (4) The books that are here are mine. (5) The woman, who is in black saree, is my wife. (6) The women, who are standing there, are my sisters. (B) ...

 Rule 30 More than one ସହ କୌଣସି noun ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯିବାପରେ Verb ସିଂଗୁଲାର ହୁଏ: ଯେପରିକି: (a) More than one worker was absent. (b) More than one student was killed. 📝 ଟିପ୍ପଣୀ: More than one ଯଦିଓ Plural ସଂଖ୍ୟାକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ, ତଥାପି ଏହାକୁ singular verb ସହ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ: ଉଦାହରଣ: “More than one workman was killed,” not “workmen were killed.” --- Rule 31 କିଛି ବାକ୍ୟରେ more ର ବ୍ୟବହାର ନିମ୍ନପ୍ରକାର ହୁଏ: 1. More books than one have been purchased by her. 2. More girls than one were present in the party. 3. More students than one have attended the class. 4. More workmen than one are not traceable. 📌 ଏପରି ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡିକୁ Plural Verb ସହ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ। --- Rule 32 କିଛି ବାକ୍ୟରେ Noun + Preposition + Noun ବ୍ୟବହାର ଥାଏ, ଏବଂ Verb ହୁଏ ପ୍ରଥମ noun ଅନୁଯାୟୀ: ଉଦାହରଣ: 1. The quality of these goods is well known. 2. Financial help from all the countries was received. 3. The color of this shirt is liked by all. 4. Your views on this matter are supported by all. 5. The details of the accident were not received by us so far....

 Rule 22 There ପରେ ଆସୁଥିବା Verb Plural ହେବ କିମ୍ବା Singular ହେବ, ଏହା ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ ଯେ ବାକ୍ୟର Subject Plural କିମ୍ବା Singular | Examples: (a) There is a girl in the room. (b) There are ten students in the class. (c) There was a queen. (d) There were several ministers in the party. --- Rule 23 କିଛି nouns, ଯେପରି: furniture, luggage, information, advice, work, knowledge, equipment, behaviour, scenery, traffic, fruit, electricity, music, progress, weather, nonsense, sense, ଇତ୍ୟାଦି uncountable noun ହେଉଛନ୍ତି | ଏହାଙ୍କର Plural ରୂପ ନ ହୁଏ | ଏମିତି noun ସହିତ a/an ର ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇନଥାଏ ଏବଂ singular verb ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ | Examples: (a) Work is worship. (b) Knowledge is power. (c) His behaviour was not proper. (d) His advice in the matter is trustworthy. (e) The scenery of Kashmir is indeed beautiful. --- Rule 24 As follows (ଏକ phrase) ର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଠିକ୍, as follow ଲେଖିବା ଭୁଲ | Examples: (a) The main points are as follows. (not as follow) (b) The details are as follows. (not as follow) --- Rule 25 The followi...

 Rule 13 ଯେତେବେଳେ ଦୁଇଟି Subject not only...but also ସହିତ ଯୋଡାଯାଇଥାଏ, Verb ଏହାର ନିକଟସ୍ଥ Subject ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଲାଗେ: Examples: (a) Not only the Principal but also the teachers were playing the match. (b) Not only the students but also the class teacher was involved in the discussion. --- Rule 14 ଯେତେବେଳେ ଗୋଟିଏ Subject ସହିତ beside, as well as, and, in addition to, like, with, together with ପ୍ରଭୃତି Conjunction ଯୋଡି ଅନ୍ୟ Subject ଯୋଡାଯାଏ, Verb ବାକ୍ୟର ପ୍ରଥମ Subject ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଲାଗେ: Examples: (a) Ram and not his friends was present there. (b) The house with all its belongings was sold. (c) The President as well as the members has come. (d) The pigeon like other birds has wings. (e) Four questions in addition to the first question have to be answered. --- Rule 15 ଯେତେବେଳେ ବାକ୍ୟରେ Other ଓ another ପରେ ଯଦି Plural Noun ଆସେ, ତେବେ Plural Verb ଲାଗେ; ଓ another ପରେ Singular Noun ଆସିଲେ Singular Verb ଲାଗିଥାଏ: Examples: (a) There are so many other hotels better than this. (b) There is another hotel near the Rai...

 Rule 6 ଯେତେବେଳେ ଦୁଇ କିମ୍ବା ତାହାଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ nouns ଭିନ୍ନ-ଭିନ୍ନ Number ର ଥାଆନ୍ତି (ଅର୍ଥାତ କିଛି Plural ଓ କିଛି Singular) ତେବେ Verb ହେବା Plural noun  ପାଖରେ ରହିବ ଏବଂ plural subject ଅନୁଯାଇ verb ହେବ ଯେପରିକି: (a) Neither the Principal nor the teachers were present in the function. (b) Either Ramesh or his friends have stolen the watch. (c) Ramesh or his friends are abusing him. --- Rule 7 ଯଦି ଦୁଇ କିମ୍ବା ଅଧିକ Subjects – Either ...or, Neither...nor ଦ୍ୱାରା ଯୋଡ଼ାଯାଏ ଏବଂ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଭିନ୍ନ-ଭିନ୍ନ person ରୁପେ ଦର୍ଶାଯାଏ, ତେବେ Verb ହେବା ଉଚିତ Person ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଯେଉଁ subject ସବୁଠୁ ନିକଟରେ ଅଛି: ଯେପରିକି: (a) Either you or I am to go there. (b) Neither he nor you are to attend them. (c) You or Ramesh is responsible for the loss. (d) He or I am to go there. --- Rule 8 ଯେତେବେଳେ Collective nouns ଯେପରି: Committee, Army, Crowd, Mob, Society, Assembly, Parliament, Council, Crew, Staff, Jury, Fleet, Majority etc. ଏକ unit ଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ – ତେବେ Singular Verb ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଏ: ଯେପରିକି: (a) The Parliament has passed the bill...

 Rule 2 ଯଦି ଦୁଇ ଭିନ୍ନ-ଭିନ୍ନ Noun ଏକେ ଲୋକ ବା ବସ୍ତୁ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ, ତେବେ Verb ସିଂଗ୍ୟୁଲାର ଲାଗେ | ଯେପରି: (a) The poet and painter has died. (b) The Project Director and Additional Collector is on tour. (c) The clerk and counsellor was present in the meeting. ଏଠି poet, painter, Project Director, Additional Collector ଏବଂ clerk, counsellor ଏକେ ଲୋକ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି। ଏଥିପାଇଁ ଧ୍ୟାନ ରଖିବା ଉଚିତ ଯେ ଏପରି ବାକ୍ୟରେ Article ର ବ୍ୟବହାର Noun ସହିତ ଅନୁସୃତ ରହେ | --- Rule 3 ଯେତେବେଳେ ଦୁଇ Noun ଯାହା ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଆଲଗା ଥାଏ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଅର୍ଥରେ ଏକ ଭାବ ବା ଧାରଣାକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ, ଏବଂ ଏକାପରି ଅନ୍ୟଟିର ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱ ବଢ଼ାଇବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ, ତେବେ Verb ସିଂଗ୍ୟୁଲାର ହୁଏ | ଯେପରି: (a) The scheme and plan of my life differs from that of yours. (b) His authority and command is indeed great. (c) The benefit and advantage from this business is enormous. --- Rule 4 ଯେଉଁ Noun ଯଦି ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ଲାଗେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏକ Phrase ପରି ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ, ତେବେ ସେଥିରେ ମଧ୍ୟ Verb ସିଂଗ୍ୟୁଲାର ହୁଏ | ବାସ୍ତବରେ ଏମାନେ ଏକ ଭାବ ବା idea କୁ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରନ୍ତି | ଯେପରି: (a) Bread and bu...

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT   ”THE verb must agree with its subject in number and person”                                                                                                          -Nesfield ଗୋଟିଏ  ବାକ୍ୟରେ    VERB ଏବଂ SUBJECT ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏକ AGREEMENT ଥାଏ । ଯଦି singular subject ଥାଏ verb ମଧ୍ୟ  singular ହେବ । a)     I am playing. b)    They are playing. c)    He is playing. d)    We a...

  3. Read the passage in Question No.1 and answer the following.                                          a ) Make a sentence using the word “at arm’s length”. ANS   He stayed at arm’s length from the dog because it looked angry.            She kept her classmates at arm’s length and did not share much about her life.                            b) Supply the opposite of   ‘’resistible’’.      Ans - Irresistible                                         ...

·        A popular dictionary gives the following meaning for the words “labour”. Match the meaning with the corresponding words in the sentences that follow.   (LABOUR) MEANINGS: a.       Physical or mental work. b.      Workers as a group. c.       Contraction of the womb. d.      To try hard. e.       To try to explain sth. SENTENCES: i.           You do not need to labour the point. ii.           The woman had a different labour. iii.           You should labour to get first class. iv.           All his labour went in vain. v.           We need skilled labour for our firm.   ...